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Change history 30 January The original article indicated that Giocangga was a member of the Qing dynasty. References 1 Balaresque, P. Authors Ewen Callaway View author publications. Related links Related links Related links in Nature Research Reprieve for men: Y chromosome is not vanishing Apr Y chromosomes reveal founding father Oct Y chromosomes rewrite British history Jun Related external links.
Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. About this article. Cite this article Callaway, E. The project's leader, Professor Mark Jobling from the University of Leicester's Department of Genetics, said: "The youngest lineages, originating in the last years, are found in pastoral nomadic populations, who were highly mobile horse-riders and could spread their Y chromosomes far and wide.
For these lineages to become so common, their powerful founders needed to have many sons by many women, and to pass their status -- as well as their Y chromosomes -- on to them. The sons, in turn, could then have many sons, too. It's a kind of trans-generation amplification effect. This hasn't yet been done for Genghis Khan, for example, so the evidence remains circumstantial, if pretty convincing.
Materials provided by University of Leicester. All rights reserved. Tracking the Y-Chromosome The study looked at blood samples collected over a period of ten years from more than 40 populations living in and around the former Mongol empire. Share Tweet Email. Read This Next Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London.
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The Kalmyks are a people who were a fragment of the aforementioned Zunghar Empire who took refuge in the Russian Empire. They make the claim to be the only indigenous people of Europe who are Buddhists Kalmykia is to the west of the Urals and Volga. Though more closely related to the Mongols proper than the Turkic Kazakhs in culture and genes, they do not seem to carry the lineage of Genghis Khan, as was reputedly the case in the 18th century when the Genghiside led Mongol tribes fought them as arriviste interlopers.
In contrast the Kazakhs have presumably mixed for centuries with the remnants of the Golden Horde. It is interesting to note that the Genghis Khan biopic Mongol had funding from the government of Kazakhstan, again attesting to the prestige which he still retains outside of Mongolia in Inner Asia. Explanation 1 is unlikely because these populations do not share other Y haplotypes, and explanation 2 is difficult to reconcile with the high Y-haplotype diversity of modern Mongolians…The historically documented events accompanying the establishment of the Mongol empire would have contributed directly to the spread of this lineage by Genghis Khan and his relatives, but perhaps as important was the establishment of a long-lasting male dynasty.
This scenario shows selection acting on a group of related men; group selection has been much discussed…and is distinguished by the property that the increased fitness of the group is not reducible to the increased fitness of the individuals.
It is unclear whether this is the case here. Our findings nevertheless demonstrate a novel form of selection in human populations on the basis of social prestige. What he had on his side was simply scale of success.
Rather, Genghis Khan was able to gather around himself a cadre of followers who were willing to stick with him through thick and thin. In the life and legacy of the great Mongol warlord I suspect we see the patterns of male domination and power projection which were the norm after the decline of hunter-gatherers, and before the rise of the mass consumer society. During this period complex civilizations built on rents extracted from subsistence agriculturalists arose. These civilizations were dominated by powerful men, who could accrue to themselves massive surpluses, and translate those surpluses into reproductive advantage.
This was not possible in the hunter-gatherer world where reproductive variance was constrained by the reality that allocation of resources was relatively equitable from person to person. But with agriculture and village society inequality shot up, and the winner-take-all dynamic came to the fore.
And so the appearance on the scene genetically of super-Y lineages. Over the past years the pendulum has started to shift back, thanks to the spread of Western values and normative monogamy, which dampens the potential unequal reproductive outcomes between the rich and the poor.
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